Trigonomiminae sensu Dikow 2009a

Holcocephala abdominalis , image © Michael Thomas.

Trigonomiminae

  • Autapomorphies:
    – anterior tentorial pits well developed and conspicuous anteroventrally located (44)
  • Additional apomorphic character states:
    – apex of labella pointed (24)
    – postocular setae formed by regular setae (no macrosetae) (66)
    – prosternum and proepisternum fused, prosternum narrow above prothoracic coxae (74)
    – supra-alar setae absent (90)
    – female spermathecae occupying more than posterior three abdominal segments (182)
  • Notes:
    The monophyly of Trigonomiminae has not been questioned previously due to the distinct appearance of these flies that are often referred to as “goggle-eyed” robber flies.
  • Trigonomimini: Holcocephala, Rhipidocephala, Trigonomima

  • Autapomorphies: None.
  • Additional apomorphic character states:
    – setae on dorsal postpedicel present (55)
    – apical scutellar setae absent (98)
    – T1 divided medially by membraneous area (152)
  • Xenomyzini: Damalis

  • Autapomorphies:
    – postpedicel with proximal bulb and distal elongated part (54)
  • Additional apomorphic character states:
    – antennal stylus reduced to apical “seta-like” sensory element, which is situated subapically in cavity on postpedicel (57, 58)
    – postpronotal setae absent (73)
    – metathoracic trochanter medially with posteriorly directed protuberance (115)
    – short, stout, cone-shaped macrosetae ventrally on metathoracic femora (116)
    – costa terminates at CuA2 and A1 (140)
    – female with abdominal T10 lost or fused to cerci (172)
    – male hypopygium rotated (195)
    – male epandrium formed by a single sclerite (197)
    – male lacking gonocoxal apodeme (204)